Peer-reviewed Publications

Cardwell, M. D. 2008. The Reproductive Ecology of Mohave Rattlesnakes. Journal of Zoology. 274(1):65-76.

Cardwell, M.D. 2006. Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Albinism. Herpetological Review. 37(4):477.

Cardwell, M.D. 2006. Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Morphology. Herpetological Review. 37(4):477.

Cardwell, M.D. 2006. Rain-Harvesting In A Wild Population Of Crotalus s. scutulatus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Review. 37(2):142-144.

Corbett, S.W., B. Anderson, B. Nelson, S. Bush, W.K. Hayes, and M.D. Cardwell. 2005. Most lay people can correctly identify indigenous venomous snakes. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 23:759-762.

Cardwell, M.D. 2005. Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review. 36(2):192.

Bush, S.P., S.M. Green, T.A. Laack, W.K. Hayes, M.D. Cardwell, and D.A. Tanen. 2004. Pressure Immobilization delays mortality and increases intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 44:599-604.

French, W.J., W.K. Hayes, S.B. Bush, M.D. Cardwell, J.O. Bader, E.D. Rael. 2004. Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization. Toxicon. 44:781-791.

Bush, S.P., S.M. Green, J.A. Moynihan, W.K. Hayes, M.D. Cardwell. 2002. Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) antivenom is efficacious for envenomations by Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus helleri). Annals of Emergency Medicine. 40:619-624.

Bush, S.P., K.G. Hegewald, S.M. Green, M.D. Cardwell, W.K. Hayes. 2000. Effects of a negative pressure venom extraction device (Extractor^®) on local tissue injury after artificial rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 11:180-188.

Bush, S.P., M.D. Cardwell. 1999. Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) Identification. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 10:6-9.

Presentations at Scientific Meetings & Symposia

2006. Cardwell. M.D. The effect of radiotelemetry on the growth of free-ranging Mohave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists; New Orleans, Louisiana.

2005. Cardwell, M.D., S.P. Bush, R.T. Clark, and E.A. Dugan. Males Biting Males: Does testosterone shape both sides of the snakebite equation? Snakebites in the New Millennium; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.

2005. Cardwell. M.D. Reproductive behavior in a free-ranging population of Mohave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists; Tampa, Florida.

2005. Cardwell. M.D. The effect of radiotelemetry on the growth of free-ranging Mohave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). Current Research on the Herpetofauna of the Sonoran Desert III; Phoenix, Arizona.

2005. Cardwell. M.D. Habitat utilization and behavior of the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in the western Mojave Desert. Biology of the Rattlesnakes Symposium; Loma Linda, California.

2004 Cardwell. M.D., W. K. Hayes, and S. P. Bush. Habitat utilization and behavior of the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in the western Mojave Desert. Western Reptile Symposium; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.